Long-lived radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel for direct disposal have been generated in many countries and are presently being held safely in interim storage facilities. Solutions for the long-term management of these wastes are being developed, with the aim of ensuring that no undue burden or responsibilities are passed on to future generations.

There is consensus at an international level that disposing of these wastes in a deep geological repository offers the required long-term safety and security. A sound technical basis for implementing such repositories has already been established in many countries through substantial national and international R&D programmes.

The question of how and when to implement such a disposal concept raises important ethical, economic and social questions that will have to be answered at a political level and with the constructive involvement of all stakeholders. In some countries, political and social steps have already been taken towards practical realisation. In other countries, however, progress has been limited. Effort needs to be invested now in discussing the way forward, as well as how the technical flexibility of the geological disposal concept can be used to help in meeting social and political requirements and expectations.

Similar international conferences were held successfully in 1999 (Denver 23kb, Facing Common Challenges) and 2003 (Stockholm 37kb, Political and Technical Progress), both attended by over 200 high-level decision-makers from all over the world.